Old Turkic (Orkhon)

Runic-style alphabet of the Göktürk (ancient Turkic) empire in Central Asia (5th–10th century). The inscriptions found along the Orkhon River (Mongolia) and Yenisei River (Russia) are the most famous examples. These inscriptions are the first historical records of the Turkic peoples, describing their independence struggle against the Tang dynasty. Active revival movements in Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan use this script as a symbol of pan-Turkic national identity.